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This guidance document aims to inform the design and management of mediation processes. It was prepared in response to the request of the General Assembly and in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations. The Guidance identifies a number of key fundamentals that should be considered in a mediation effort: preparedness; consent; impartiality; inclusivity; national ownership; international law and normative frameworks; coherence, coordination and complementarity of the mediation effort; and quality peace agreements. The Guidance explains each fundamental, outlines some potential challenges and dilemmas facing mediators and offers some guidance.